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The most sensitive is liver cancer in female rats, and this has long been a basis for risk assessment. [43] Dose-response of TCDD in causing cancer does not seem to be linear, [ 25 ] and there is a threshold below which it seems to cause no cancer.
Ethyl carbamate has been used as an antineoplastic agent and for other medicinal purposes, but this application ended after it was discovered to be carcinogenic in 1943. . However, Japanese usage in medical injections continued and from 1950 to 1975 an estimated 100 million 2 ml ampules of 7-to-15% solutions of ethyl carbamate were injected into patients as a co-solvent in water for dissolving ...
Medical gas therapy is a treatment involving the administration of various gases. It has been used in medicine since the use of oxygen therapy. [1] Most of these gases are drugs, including oxygen. [2] Many other gases, collectively known as factitious airs, were explored for medicinal value in the late eighteenth century. In addition to oxygen ...
Nitrous oxide, as medical gas supply, is an inhaled gas used as pain medication, and is typically administered with 50% oxygen mix. It is often used together with other medications for anesthesia. [2] Common uses include during childbirth, following trauma, and as part of end-of-life care. [2]
Cancer slope factors (CSF) are used to estimate the risk of cancer associated with exposure to a carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic substance. A slope factor is an upper bound, approximating a 95% confidence limit , on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent by ingestion or inhalation .
treatment of people with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy; [8] treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen; [8]
This means that a person living in an average European dwelling with 50 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 1.5–3 × 10 −3. Similarly, a person living in a dwelling with a high radon concentration of 1000 Bq/m 3 has a lifetime excess lung cancer risk of 3–6%, implying a doubling of background lung cancer risk. [63]
[45] [46] Increases in cancer have been modest, in fact reaching statistical significance has been difficult even after high accidental or occupational exposures like in Yusho and Yucheng poisonings, Seveso accident, and combined occupational cohorts. [1] Therefore, controversies on cancer risk at low population levels of dioxins are ...