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When the level of risk increases, the monitoring system activates alarms to close roads or bridges, and eventually alerts people living in nearby villages. All data is continuously sent from the dam monitoring system to the network dam control system, where specialist engineers can make decisions regarding the emergency situation.
These sensors work by sending in small electromagnetic waves into the subsurface level, and receiving information as these waves are returned. [12] Key components of studying land subsidence in the Central Valley include large and small scale monitoring, studying topography in relation to groundwater, and a multi-agency approach.
Land subsidence is a global issue and has different causes. Some are natural, like earthquakes, and some are caused by humans. In the United States, land subsidence from over pumping has affected 45 states and accounts for changes in over 17,000 square miles of land which is an area almost 10 times the size of Glacier National Park in Montana. [14]
Groundwater use and pumping in the area was the major water use for farmers and agriculture in the 1920s, and over time, this over-pumping resulted in land subsidence and a decline in groundwater-level resources. In time, this resulted in major land subsidence by the 1970s with local areas having 0.30 to 8.5 m (1 to 28 ft) of subsidence.
Subsidence frequently causes major problems in karst terrains, where dissolution of limestone by fluid flow in the subsurface creates voids (i.e., caves).If the roof of a void becomes too weak, it can collapse and the overlying rock and earth will fall into the space, causing subsidence at the surface.
The Solinst Waterloo Multilevel groundwater monitoring system is a modular MLS designed to collect groundwater data from multiple depths within a single borehole via a series of monitoring ports positioned at specific intervals along 2-inch ID Schedule 80 PVC casing. The various monitoring ports can be connected to a combination of: sampling ...
Nearly half of China’s urban areas comprising 29% of the country’s population are sinking faster than 3 millimeters per year, according to a new study.
Marine monitoring: Sea-ice levels and conditions, oil spills, ship activity, and information about marine winds Land monitoring: Agriculture, forestry, and land subsidence Emergency response: Flooding, landslides, volcanoes and earthquakes