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Parton, is a generic term coined by Feynman for the sub-particles making up a composite particle – at that time a baryon – hence, it originally referred to what are now called "quarks" and "gluons". Odderon, a particle composed of an odd number of gluons, detected in 2021.
The term "subatomic particle" is largely a retronym of the 1960s, used to distinguish a large number of baryons and mesons (which comprise hadrons) from particles that are now thought to be truly elementary. Before that hadrons were usually classified as "elementary" because their composition was unknown. A list of important discoveries follows:
Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element. Bismuth formerly held that distinction until alpha-decay of the 209 Bi isotope was observed. All isotopes of gold are either radioactive or, in the case of 197 Au, observationally stable, meaning that 197 Au is predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. [4]
The number of protons in the observable universe is called the Eddington number. In terms of number of particles, some estimates imply that nearly all the matter, excluding dark matter , occurs in neutrinos, which constitute the majority of the roughly 10 86 elementary particles of matter that exist in the visible universe. [ 12 ]
This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence. It also includes the discovery of composite particles and antiparticles that were of particular historical importance.
Imagine trying to prove that 1+1=2, but when you do the calculations, it turns out that the result is off by 0.1%. That scenario is similar to the riddle that’s facing physicists worldwide as ...
This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds.
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