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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
L. donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, traditionally known as kala-azar ("black fever", particularly in India), because of its characteristic symptoms. The disease is highly lethal if not treated properly. The incubation period generally ranges from 3 to 6 months, and in some cases may be over a year. In Indian ...
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors.
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature for which no cause can be found despite investigations by one or more qualified physicians. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the cause is found, it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion , eliminating all possibilities until only the correct explanation remains.
Adenovirus infection is a contagious viral disease, caused by adenoviruses, commonly resulting in a respiratory tract infection. [1] [9] Typical symptoms range from those of a common cold, such as nasal congestion, rhinitis, and cough, to difficulty breathing as in pneumonia. [9]
Dum-dum fever: Leishmaniasis [7] The term is derived from the city of Dum Dum, the site of an outbreak. English disease: Rickets [8] So named due to its prevalence in English slums. French disease: Syphilis [9] Used as an ethnic slur against the French. Front-street fever: Dengue fever [3] Used in reference to a 1780 outbreak in Philadelphia ...
Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Other names: Blue disease, [1] Brazilian spotted fever, Tobia fever, new world spotted fever, tick-borne typhus fever, São Paulo fever [2] Petechial rash on the arm caused by Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Specialty: Infectious disease: Symptoms: Early: Fever, headache [3] Later: Rash [3] Complications: Hearing ...