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Hence, the proposal had the role of appeasing the opponents by allowing Japan's acceptance of the League to be conditional on having a Racial Equality Clause inserted into the covenant of the League. [5] Despite the proposal, Japan itself had racial discrimination policies, especially towards non-Yamato people. [6] [7] [8]
[1] [2] In addition, resentment was fanned in Japan by the rejection of the Japanese Racial Equality Proposal in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, as well as by a series of racist laws, which enforced segregation and barred Asian people (including Japanese) from citizenship, land ownership, and immigration to the U.S. [2]
Japan, race and equality: the racial equality proposal of 1919 (1998). excerpt; Smith. Shane A. "The Crisis in the Great War: W.E.B. Du Bois and His Perception of African-American Participation in World War I," Historian 70#2 (Summer 2008): 239–62. Wolgemuth, Kathleen L. "Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation".
During the Paris Peace Conference, Konoe was one of the Japanese diplomats who proposed the Racial Equality Proposal for the Covenant of the League of Nations. When the Racial Equality Clause came up before the committee, it received the support of Japan, France, Serbia, Greece, Italy, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, and China.
During the conference, the Japanese delegation proposed that a "racial equality clause" be attached to the Covenant of the League of Nations, similar to the covenant's religious equality clause; however, this proposal was ultimately unsuccessful despite a majority of delegations voting for it.
Japan requested that a clause upholding the principle of racial equality should be inserted, parallel to the existing religious equality clause. This was deeply opposed, particularly by American political sentiment, while Wilson himself simply ignored the question [citation needed].
In 1919, the Imperial Japan proposed an abolition of Racial Equality Proposal. Blacks in the United States supported it, but President Woodrow Wilson did not pass it because it was not unanimous. This was one of the factors that led to the outbreak of tragic racial conflicts, including the Red Summer. [21]
Japan, Race and Equality: The Racial Equality Proposal of 1919.Routledge, London, 1998. Nationalisms in Japan.Routledge, London, 2006. (editor) Japanese Society at ...