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Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na 6 [(PO 3) 6]. [3] Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO 3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate.
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned by name in 3.2 Dangerous Goods List AND b) they exhibit chemical, physical and/or dangerous properties corresponding to the Class, classification code, packing group and the name and description of the n.o.s. entry [2]
For example, see Sodium tripolyphosphate. Sometimes pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, tetrapolyphosphate, etc. are called diphosphate, triphosphate, tetraphosphate, etc., especially when they are part of phosphate esters in biochemistry. They are also used for scale and corrosion control by potable water providers. [6]
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Trisodium phosphate. A sodium phosphate is a generic variety of salts of sodium (Na +) and phosphate (PO 3− 4). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms ...
Early history [ edit ] The original product consisted of powdered sodium hexametaphosphate (amorphous sodium polyphosphate), which, in water, would complex with ambient calcium ions and certain other cations —preventing formation of unwanted salts and interference by those cations with the actions of soap or other detergents .
In the 1930s phosphates (sodium phosphates) and polyphosphates (sodium hexametaphosphate) were introduced, continuing with the introduction of phosphonates (HEDP, ATMP, EDTMP). While these phosphorus-based agents are generally non-toxic they are now known to cause nutrient pollution , which can have serious environmental consequences.
In addition, some humectants are recognized in different countries as good food additives because of the increase in nutritional value that they provide, such as sodium hexametaphosphate. [ 6 ] In order to gauge a compound's humectancy, scientists will put it through a series of tests, often involving water absorption.
Trimetaphosphate is a cyclic trimer formed by the self reaction of metaphosphate ions. A metaphosphate ion is an oxyanion that has the empirical formula PO − 3. [1] It was first postulated in 1955 [2] but was not observed until 1979, when it was detected by mass spectrometry. [3]