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Large studies of patients have also failed to show any correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms and a specific diagnosis. [11] Also, recently a report of lower urinary tract symptoms even with malignant features in the prostate failed to be associated with prostate cancer after further laboratory investigation of the biopsy. [10]
It affects about 2–6% of men. [3] Together with IC/BPS, it makes up urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). [4] The cause is unknown. [1] Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms such as bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, and cancer. [2] [5]
A 2018 Cochrane review of studies on men over 60 with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms analyzed the impacts of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) in comparison to other drugs. [90] These drugs may improve urinary symptoms slightly and reduce urinary bother but may also cause more side effects than placebo.
Urethral syndrome is defined as symptoms suggestive of a lower urinary tract infection but in the absence of significant bacteriuria with a conventional pathogen. [1] It is a diagnosis of exclusion in patients with dysuria and frequency without demonstrable infection . [ 2 ]
Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination , frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [1] Symptoms of a kidney infection, on the other hand, are more systemic and include fever or flank pain usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. [ 10 ]
Symptoms reported by the patient are an unreliable guide to the underlying dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. [ citation needed ] The purpose of urodynamics is to provide objective confirmation of the pathology that a patient's symptoms would suggest.
When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as a kidney infection (pyelonephritis). [9] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder. [8]
The hallmark sign of urethral stricture is a weak urinary stream. Other symptoms include: [2] Splaying of the urinary stream; Urinary frequency; Urinary urgency; Straining to urinate; Pain during urination; Urinary tract infection; Prostatitis; Inability to completely empty the bladder. Some people with severe urethral strictures are completely ...