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The relationship between biology and sexual orientation is a subject of on-going research. While scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
Humans develop relatively stable attractions to sexual partners during maturation and present a spectrum of sexual orientation from homosexuality to heterosexuality encompassing varying degrees of bisexuality, with some individuals also displaying asexuality.
Various biological factors—including prenatal hormones and specific genetic profiles—are likely to contribute to sexual orientation, though they are not the sole cause. Scientific evidence suggests that biological and non-social environmental factors jointly influence sexual orientation.
There is no single gene responsible for a person being gay or a lesbian. That’s the first thing you need to know about the largest genetic investigation of sexuality ever, which was published...
Despite efforts to create nuanced definitions of sexual orientation, the orientations most commonly referred to, both in everyday life and in research, are still heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality (with the last often omitted).
We mainly focused on the biological basis of sexual orientation, including the associated brain regions and the influence of hormones, genetics, and environmental factors. Recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of same-sex preference and behavior in model organisms is also summarized.
Sexual orientation is determined by a mix of biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It persists over time, but sexual orientation and sexual identity are fluid in nature. People’s understanding or experience of their sexuality may change or evolve, and their orientation and sexual identity with it.
It would appear that sexual orientation is biological in nature, determined by a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment. Sexual orientation is therefore not a choice, though sexual behaviour clearly is. The American Psychiatric Association stated in 2011: [2]
The leading biological theory of sexual orientation in humans, as in animals, draws on the application of the organisational theory of sexual differentiation.
Research proving that there is biological evidence for sexual orientation has been available since the 1980s. The links have been emphasised by new scientific research. In 2014, researchers...