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  2. Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment

    Miller–Urey experiment. The Miller–Urey experiment was a synthesis of small organic molecules in a mixture of simple gases in a thermal gradient created by heating (right) and cooling (left) the mixture at the same time, with electrical discharges. The Miller–Urey experiment[ 1 ] (or Miller experiment[ 2 ]) was an experiment in chemical ...

  3. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  4. Cool flame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_flame

    A cool flame is a flame having a typical temperature of about 400 °C (752 °F). [1] In contrast to an ordinary hot flame, the reaction is not vigorous and releases little heat, light, or carbon dioxide. Cool flames are difficult to observe and are uncommon in everyday life, but they are responsible for engine knock – the undesirable, erratic ...

  5. Carbon snake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_snake

    Carbon snake is a demonstration of the dehydration reaction of sugar by concentrated sulfuric acid. With concentrated sulfuric acid, granulated table sugar (sucrose) performs a degradation reaction which changes its form to a black solid-liquid mixture. [1] The carbon snake experiment can sometimes be misidentified as the black snake, "sugar ...

  6. List of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments

    Stern–Gerlach experiment (1920): Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach demonstrates particle spin. Chicago Pile-1 (1942): Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd build the first critical nuclear reactor (1942) Wu experiment (1956): Chien-Shiung Wu leads the team that disproves the conservation of parity in particle physics.

  7. Cooling bath - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_bath

    Cooling bath. A typical experimental setup for an aldol reaction. Both flasks are submerged in a dry ice/acetone cooling bath (−78 °C) the temperature of which is being monitored by a thermocouple (the wire on the left). A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low ...

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