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2. Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment

   The Miller–Urey experiment was a synthesis of small organic molecules in a mixture of simple gases in a thermal gradient created by heating (right) and cooling (left) the mixture at the same time, with electrical discharges. The Miller–Urey experiment, [1] or Miller experiment, [2] was an experiment in chemical synthesis carried out in 1952 ...

3. Cooling bath - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_bath

   Cooling bath. A typical experimental setup for an aldol reaction. Both flasks are submerged in a dry ice/acetone cooling bath (−78 °C) the temperature of which is being monitored by a thermocouple (the wire on the left). A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low ...

4. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

   Condenser (laboratory) A distillation setup using a Liebig-type condenser (the tilted double-walled tube at the center). A liquid (not visible) in the flask at left is heated by the blue mantle to the boiling point. The vapor is then cooled as it goes through the inner tube of the condenser. There it becomes liquid again, and drips into the ...

5. Golden rain demonstration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rain_demonstration

   The golden rain chemical reaction demonstrates the formation of a solid precipitate. The golden rain experiment involves two soluble ionic compounds, potassium iodide (KI) and lead (II) nitrate (Pb (NO 3) 2). They are initially dissolved in separate water solutions, which are each colorless. When mixed, as the lead from one solution and the ...

6. Cool flame - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_flame

   A cool flame is a flame having a typical temperature of about 400 °C (752 °F). [1] In contrast to an ordinary hot flame, the reaction is not vigorous and releases little heat, light, or carbon dioxide. Cool flames are difficult to observe and are uncommon in everyday life, but they are responsible for engine knock – the undesirable, erratic ...

7. Chain fountain - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_fountain

   Chain fountain. The chain fountain phenomenon, also known as the self-siphoning beads, Mould effect, or Newton beads is a physical phenomenon observed with a chain placed inside a jar. One end of the chain is pulled from the jar and is allowed to fall under the influence of gravity. This process establishes a self-sustaining flow of the chain ...