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  2. Punnett square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punnett_square

    The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach in 1905. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.

  3. Mendelian inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance

    In a dominant-recessive inheritance, an average of 25% are homozygous with the dominant trait, 50% are heterozygous showing the dominant trait in the phenotype (genetic carriers), 25% are homozygous with the recessive trait and therefore express the recessive trait in the phenotype. The genotypic ratio is 1: 2 : 1, and the phenotypic ratio is 3: 1.

  4. Hereditary carrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_carrier

    Punnett square: If the other parent does not have the recessive genetic disposition, it does not appear in the phenotype of the children, but on the average 50% of them become carriers. A hereditary carrier ( genetic carrier or just carrier ), is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation ...

  5. Dominance (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)

    Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance, the two most common Mendelian inheritance patterns. An autosome is any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.. In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.

  6. Genotype - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype

    Category. v. t. e. The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. [1] Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location. [2] The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in ...

  7. Test cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cross

    Punnett squares showing typical test crosses and the two potential outcomes. The individual in question may either be heterozygous, in which half the offspring would be heterozygous and half would be homozygous recessive, or homozygous dominant, in which all the offspring would be heterozygous.

  8. Reginald Punnett - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Punnett

    Reginald Punnett. Reginald Crundall Punnett FRS (/ ˈpʌnɪt /; 20 June 1875 – 3 January 1967) [1][2][3][4][5] was a British geneticist who co-founded, with William Bateson, the Journal of Genetics in 1910. Punnett is probably best remembered today as the creator of the Punnett square, a tool still used by biologists to predict the ...

  9. Dihybrid cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihybrid_cross

    Dihybrid crosses are easily visualized using a 4 x 4 Punnett square. In these squares, the dominant traits are uppercase, and the recessive traits of the same characteristic is lowercase. In the following case the example of pea plant seed is chosen. The two characteristics being compared are; Shape: round or wrinkled (Round (R) is dominant)