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The state of Poland's economy as of 1989 was dire. [2] After failed social and economic reforms of 1970s the communist government had secretly declared its insolvency to Western creditors in 1981. [3]
Saddled with a sluggish economy, the EU is bracing for the return of Donald Trump to the White House this month on an "America First" platform and the possible imposition of U.S. tariffs on ...
Beyond its political significance, it opens the way for up to 135 billion euros ($145 billion) in EU aid to go to Poland over the coming few years. The decision cements a sea change in relations.
The European Union also criticised the bill, with Poland risking further sanctions under Article 7 and by the European Court of Justice. [54] The EU urged Poland not to pass the bill, and to consult the Venice Commission, yet it passed. [55] The Association of Judges of Ireland condemned the Polish legislation. [56]
Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.
The country's top export goods include machinery, electronic equipment, vehicles, furniture, and plastics. Poland was the only economy in the EU to avoid a recession through the 2007–08 economic downturn. [33] As of 2019, the Polish economy had been growing steadily for 28 years, a record high in the EU.
Poland Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki told Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to never “insult Poles again” after he suggested its neighboring country was putting on “political ...
The Fall of Communism in Poland in 1989 launched the country's transition from a planned to a market economy. [3] High debt severely hindered Poland's transition, with annual loan and interest payments equivalent to US$ 10.3 billion, one-sixth of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). [4]