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Health systems science (HSS) is a foundational platform and framework for the study and understanding of how care is delivered, how health professionals work together to deliver that care, and how the health system can improve patient care and health care delivery. [1]
As of 2019, there are 2,813 hospitals in Indonesia, 63.5% of which are run by private organisations. [2] In 2012, according to data from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia, there were 2,454 hospitals around the country, with a total of 305,242 beds, a figure of 0.9 bed per 1,000 inhabitants.
The Indonesian government currently uses 1% of its total health budget on mental health with only 48 mental hospitals and 269 psychiatric wards. The conditions of these places are unhygienic and overcrowded with inmates regularly shackled to prevent violence. [31] Suicide is a problem in Indonesia and in 2018 ranks 65 with 2.9 suicides per 100,000.
The Brazilian health system is composed of a large, public, government managed system, the SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), which serves the majority of the population completely free of charge or any form of fee, and a private sector, managed by health insurance funds and private entrepreneurs.
In the plan, Balitbangkes will be transformed into Agency for Health Policies Development (Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, BKPK), a regulatory agency intended to provide only policies and standards making for state health activity, no longer doing research as the research part will be relinquished to BRIN.
A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. There is a wide variety of health systems around the world, with as many histories and organizational structures as there are countries.
Health systems engineering or health engineering (often known as health care systems engineering (HCSE)) is an academic and a pragmatic discipline that approaches the health care industry, and other industries connected with health care delivery, as complex adaptive systems, and identifies and applies engineering design and analysis principles in such areas.
Community health services in Indonesia were organized in a three-tier system with Puskesmas at the top. Usually staffed by a physician, these centres provided maternal and child health care, general outpatient curative and preventive health care services, pre- and postnatal care, immunization, and communicable disease control programs.