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The thirteen rules were compiled by Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha Nahmani ben Elisha for the elucidation of the Torah and making halakic deductions from it. They are, strictly speaking, mere amplifications of the seven rules of Hillel the Elder, and are collected in the Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael, forming the introduction to the Sifra and reading as follows:
the 13 Rules of Rabbi Ishmael [1] [2] (Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael at the beginning of Sifra; this collection is merely an amplification of that of Hillel) the 32 Rules of Rabbi Eliezer ben Jose . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These last-mentioned rules are contained in an independent baraita ( Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules ) which has been incorporated and ...
Rabbi Yishmael ben Elisha Nachmani (Hebrew: רבי ישמעאל בן אלישע), often known as Rabbi Yishmael and sometimes given the title "Ba'al HaBaraita" (Hebrew: בעל הברייתא, “Master of the Outside Teaching”), was a rabbi of the 1st and 2nd centuries (third generation of tannaim) CE.
Nissim ben Jacob [2] and Samuel ibn Naghrillah [3] refer to it as the Mekhilta de-Rabbi Yishmael, thus ascribing the authorship to Ishmael. Maimonides likewise says: "R. Ishmael interpreted from 've'eleh shemot' to the end of the Torah, and this explanation is called 'Mekhilta.' R. Akiva also wrote a Mekhilta."
Rabbi Yishmael omer – Rabbi Yishmael's 13 rules of exegesis (Introduction to the Sifra). The study session concludes with a short prayer (Yehi Ratzon) "...that the Temple be rebuilt speedily in our days... and may the offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasing to God, as in days of old and in former years."
Commandments that were derived using the 13 hermeneutic rules (Rabbi Yishmael's Rules) are not counted. This rule excludes reverence for Torah scholars, which Rabbi Akiva derived from the verse, "You must revere God your Lord" (Deuteronomy 10:20). Commandments that are not historically permanent are not counted.
There were, therefore, various erroneous opinions regarding this lost work. Zunz [9] considered it as a kabbalistic work ascribed to R. Shimon ben Yochai. M. H. Landauer [10] identified it with the Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, while J. Perles [11] held that the medieval authors applied the name "Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon" merely to his maxims which were included in the Mekhilta de-Rabbi Yishmael ...
These chapters are derived from Avot de-Rabbi Natan, Version B, Chapter 13, and their originality in Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer is a matter of scholarly debate. Many researchers speculate that these chapters are a later addition and not original to the Midrash .This hypothesis is based on evidence from the Cairo Geniza , where a list of books ...