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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated ...
Mechanistic and kinetic studies were reported few years later by various researchers. [3] [4] Thionyl chloride first reacts with the alcohol to form an alkyl chloro sulfite, actually forming an intimate ion pair. The second step is the loss of a sulfur dioxide molecule and its replacement by the chloride, which was attached to the sulphite group.
a mineral acid with many industrial uses; commonly used in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides Phosphorus pentachloride: one of the most important phosphorus chlorides; a chlorinating reagent. Also used as a dehydrating agent for oximes which turn them into nitriles. Phosphorus tribromide: used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl ...
It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride, SOF 2. Thionyl chloride , SOCl 2 , is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides . In organic chemistry , the thionyl group is known as a sulfoxide group or sulfinyl group, and has the general structure RS(=O)R'.
All are easily hydrolyzed. Indeed, thionyl chloride can be used as a dehydration agent as the water molecules are converted into gaseous products, leaving behind the anhydrous solid chloride. [11] MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O + 6 SOCl 2 → MgCl 2 + 6 SO 2 + 12 HCl. Selenium and tellurium form similar compounds and also the oxo-bridged species F 5 AOAF 5 (A ...
Key applications of thionyl chloride also include the pharmaceutical, pesticide, dye, and organic synthesis industries, among others. Thionyl chloride's versatile nature allows it to serve as an acylation agent and a dehydrating agent in various chemical reactions, making it indispensable in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, dyes, and reagents.
Arsenic trichloride can be prepared by the reaction of arsenic oxide and sulfur monochloride. This method requires simple apparatus and proceeds efficiently: [8] 2 As 2 O 3 + 6 S 2 Cl 2 → 4 AsCl 3 + 3 SO 2 + 9 S. A convenient laboratory method is refluxing arsenic(III) oxide with thionyl chloride: [9] 2 As 2 O 3 + 3 SOCl 2 → 2 AsCl 3 + 3 SO 2