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  2. Fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction_(chemistry)

    A fraction in chemistry is a quantity collected from a batch of a substance in a fractionating separation process. In such a process, a mixture is separated into fractions, which have compositions that vary according to a gradient. A fraction can be defined as a group of chemicals that have similar boiling points.

  3. Fractionation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionation

    [1] [2] Fractions are collected based on differences in a specific property of the individual components. A common trait in fractionations is the need to find an optimum between the amount of fractions collected and the desired purity in each fraction. Fractionation makes it possible to isolate more than two components in a mixture in a single run.

  4. Lever rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lever_rule

    In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line. [1]

  5. Mass fraction (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is: =. Because the individual masses of the ingredients of a mixture sum to , their mass fractions sum to unity: = =

  6. Mixture fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixture_fraction

    [1] [2] Both the feed streams are allowed to have inert gases. [3] The mixture fraction definition is usually normalized such that it approaches unity in the fuel stream and zero in the oxidizer stream. [4] The mixture-fraction variable is commonly used as a replacement for the physical coordinate normal to the flame surface, in nonpremixed ...

  7. Mole fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_fraction

    When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 −2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [1] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...

  8. Volume fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_fraction

    In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction is defined as the volume of a constituent V i divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing: [1]

  9. Mixing ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_Ratio

    The mass fraction of the resulting solution from mixing solutions with masses m 1 and m 2 and mass fractions w 1 and w 2 is given by: = + + where m 1 can be simplified from numerator and denominator = + + and