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Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC), is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl 4. It is a non-flammable, dense, colourless liquid with a "sweet" chloroform-like odour that can be detected at low levels.
In 1835, the French chemist Auguste Laurent recognised chloroform as CCl 2 • HCl (then written as C 8 Cl 8 • H 4 Cl 4) [a] in his paper on analysing some organohalides. Laurent also predicted a compound seemingly consisting of 2 parts dichlorocarbene which he named Chlorétherose (possibly Tetrachloroethylene, which was not known to exist at the time.) [8]
The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. [1] The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carbon tetraiodide, methyl iodide or iodine gives alkyl iodides. The reaction is credited to and ...
Chain transfer agents have at least one weak chemical bond, which therefore facilitates the chain transfer reaction. Common chain transfer agents include thiols, especially dodecyl mercaptan (DDM), and halocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride. Chain transfer agents are sometimes called modifiers or regulators. Transfer to monomer.
The Zincke–Suhl reaction is a special case of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation and was first described by Theodor Zincke and Suhl in 1906. [1] [2] [3] Unlike the traditional Friedel-Crafts reaction, the reduction of the phenyl ring leads to a higher energy final product that can be used as starting material in the dienol–benzene rearrangement, among other reactions.
This reaction can be catalyzed by a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminium chloride or by activated carbon. Trichloroethylene is a major byproduct, which is separated by distillation . Worldwide production was about 1 million metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) in 1985.
In addition, a variety of simple chlorinated hydrocarbons including dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been isolated from marine algae. [7] A majority of the chloromethane in the environment is produced naturally by biological decomposition, forest fires, and volcanoes.
In this process, the feedstock is treated at 1000 °C with carbon and chlorine gas, giving titanium tetrachloride. Typical is the conversion starting from the ore ilmenite: [2] 2 FeTiO 3 + 7 Cl 2 + 6 C → 2 TiCl 4 + 2 FeCl 3 + 6 CO. The process is a variant of a carbothermic reaction, which exploits the reducing power of carbon.