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It is described by the fact that the discharge through a river of an approximate rectangular cross-section must, through conservation of mass, equal Q = u ¯ b h {\displaystyle Q={\bar {u}}bh} where Q {\displaystyle Q} is the volumetric discharge, u ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {u}}} is the mean flow velocity, b {\displaystyle b} is the channel ...
Depth and velocity have also been raised as a concern with regards to effecting results, however Stark (1993) investigated the influences of the sampling method, water depth, current velocity and substratum on the results and found that both MCI and QMCI are independent of depth, velocity, and substratum from macroinvertebrate samples collected ...
The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and ...
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle.It is one runoff component, the movement of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff.
A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in units of cubic meters per second (m³/s) or cubic feet per second (cfs). Hydrographs often relate changes of precipitation to changes in discharge over time. [3]
The theory is based on the concept of dynamic equilibrium in which streamforms balance between physical parameters, such as width, depth, velocity, and sediment load, also taking into account biological factors. [2] It offers an introduction to map out biological communities and also an explanation for their sequence in individual sections of ...
When the flow velocity is below 0.1 m/s, the biological community in a river is similar to that in a lake. Usually, in rivers, flow velocity between 0.1–1 m/s is most suitable for major-stream fish species. High flow velocity and turbulence are cues for timing migration and spawning of some fish. Asian carp lay floating eggs when they sense ...
The sediment yield of a river is the quantity of sand per unit area within a watershed that is removed over a period of time. [11] The monitoring of the sediment yield of a river is important for ecologists to understand the health of its ecosystems, the rate of erosion of the river's environment, and the effects of human activity.