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  2. User space and kernel space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space

    The term user space (or userland) refers to all code that runs outside the operating system's kernel. [2] User space usually refers to the various programs and libraries that the operating system uses to interact with the kernel: software that performs input/output, manipulates file system objects, application software, etc.

  3. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

    The kernel performs its tasks, such as running processes, managing hardware devices such as the hard disk, and handling interrupts, in this protected kernel space. In contrast, application programs such as browsers, word processors, or audio or video players use a separate area of memory, user space.

  4. Linux kernel interfaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces

    Linux API, Linux ABI, and in-kernel APIs and ABIs. The Linux kernel provides multiple interfaces to user-space and kernel-mode code that are used for varying purposes and that have varying properties by design. There are two types of application programming interface (API) in the Linux kernel: the "kerneluser space" API; and; the "kernel ...

  5. Comparison of operating system kernels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating...

    A kernel is a component of a computer operating system. [1] A comparison of system kernels can provide insight into the design and architectural choices made by the developers of particular operating systems.

  6. Linux kernel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

    The kernel provides the futex(7) (fast user-space mutex) mechanisms for user-space locking and synchronization. [247] The majority of the operations are performed in userspace but it may be necessary to communicate with the kernel using the futex(2) system call. [206] As opposed to userspace threads described above, kernel threads run in kernel ...

  7. Comparison of operating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating...

    kernel In some operating systems, the OS is split into a low level region called the kernel and higher level code that relies on the kernel. Typically the kernel implements processes but its code does not run as part of a process. [disputed – discuss] hybrid kernel monolithic kernel Nucleus

  8. Kernel page-table isolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_page-table_isolation

    One set of page tables includes both kernel-space and user-space addresses same as before, but it is only used when the system is running in kernel mode. The second set of page tables for use in user mode contains a copy of user-space and a minimal set of kernel-space mappings that provides the information needed to enter or exit system calls ...

  9. Light-weight process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-weight_process

    In computer operating systems, a light-weight process (LWP) is a means of achieving multitasking.In the traditional meaning of the term, as used in Unix System V and Solaris, a LWP runs in user space on top of a single kernel thread and shares its address space and system resources with other LWPs within the same process.