Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Some of these species produce harmful toxins such as botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin among others. Most Clostridium species that do have toxins typically have binary toxins with the first unit involved in getting the toxin into the cell and the second unit cause cellular stress or deformation. [6]
Defense as in the bee, ant, termite, honey bee, wasp, poison dart frog and plants producing toxins. The toxins used as defense in species among the poison dart frog can also be used for medicinal purposes; Some of the more well known types of biotoxins include: Cyanotoxins, produced by cyanobacteria; Dinotoxins, produced by dinoflagellates
Plants can protect themselves from abiotic stress in many different ways, and most include a physical change in the plant’s morphology. Phenotypic plasticity is a plant’s ability to alter and adapt its morphology in response to the external environments to protect themselves against stress. [ 2 ]
For example, colicins consume nucleic acids of cells by using several enzymes. [18] To prevent such toxicity, host cells produce immunity proteins for binding cytolysins before they do any damage inward. [8] In the second step, cytolysins adhere to target cell membranes by matching the "receptors" on the membranes.
For example, plant cells have a cell wall which maintains the shape of plant cells. Plant cells also contain chlorophyll, a chemical compound that interacts with light in a way that enables plants to manufacture their own nutrients rather than consuming other living things as animals do. Thirdly, plant physiology deals with interactions between ...
The term is also used to describe toxic chemicals produced by plants themselves, which function as defensive agents against their predators. Most examples pertaining to this definition of phytotoxin are members of various classes of specialised or secondary metabolites , including alkaloids , terpenes , and especially phenolics , though not all ...
Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. [1] Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. [2] [3] They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators. [2]
The main reason plants are being used to produce antibodies is for treatment of illnesses such as immune disorders, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, given the fact that the plantibodies also have no risk of spreading diseases to humans. [5] In the past 2 decades, research has shown that plant-derived antibodies have become easier to produce. [8]