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The siege of Jerusalem was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in the province of Judaea. In 70 CE, the Roman forces, commanded by Titus , laid siege to the city, which had become the epicenter of rebel resistance.
A few years later, Antipater appointed his sons Phasael and Herod military governors of Jerusalem and the Galilee respectively. [5] After the Roman civil war following the murder of Julius Caesar, Hyrcanus and Antipater became clients of Mark Antony, who now ruled the Roman east.
66–73 CE: First Jewish-Roman War, with the Judean rebellion led by Simon Bar Giora; 70 CE: Siege of Jerusalem (70) Titus, eldest son of Emperor Vespasian, ends the major portion of First Jewish–Roman War and destroys Herod's Temple on Tisha B'Av. The Roman legion Legio X Fretensis is garrisoned in the city. The Sanhedrin is relocated to Yavne.
The siege of Jerusalem (63 BC) occurred during Pompey the Great's campaigns in the East, shortly after his successful conclusion of the Third Mithridatic War. Pompey had been asked to intervene in a dispute over inheritance to the throne of the Hasmonean Kingdom , which turned into a war between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II .
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [12]
After fifteen days of unsuccessful attempts by the Jews to burn the Roman siege engines, the Roman battering ram finally breached Jerusalem's third wall, forcing the defenders to retreat. [331] The Romans quickly made preparations for the next assault, and within five days, their battering ram breached the middle section of the second wall. [ 332 ]
Jerusalem during the Second Temple period describes the history of the city during the existence there of the Second Temple, from the return to Zion under Cyrus the Great (c. 538 BCE) to the siege and destruction the city by Titus during the First Jewish–Roman War in 70 CE. [1]
Jerusalem in the Middle Ages was a major Byzantine metropolis from the 4th century CE before the advent on the early Islamic period in the 7th century saw it become the regional capital of Jund Filastin under successive caliphates. In the later Islamic period it went on to experience a period of more contested ownership, war and decline.