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Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a malignant tumor of the stomach. It's a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach . [ 10 ] Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas , which can be divided into a number of subtypes, including gastric adenocarcinomas . [ 2 ]
In a benign tumor, the proliferated cells stay in one location where they do not impact or spread to other surrounding tissues. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, are capable of spreading throughout the entire body, causing new tumors to appear. This process is called metastasis, and is a hallmark of cancerous tumors. [2]
Cancer of the stomach, also called gastric cancer, is the fourth-most-common type of cancer and the second-highest cause of cancer death globally. [2] Eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia) is a high-risk area for gastric cancer, and North America, Australia, New Zealand and western and northern Africa are areas with low risk. [5]
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cell of Cajal, or similar cells. [2] They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), [2] PDGFRA gene (10%), [2] or BRAF kinase (rare).
Krukenberg tumors often come to the attention when they cause abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, ascites, or pain during sexual intercourse.Krukenberg tumors can occasionally provoke a reaction of the ovarian stroma which leads to hormone production, that results in vaginal bleeding, a change in menstrual habits, or hirsutism, [3] or occasionally virilization [4] as a main symptom.
Esophageal cancer is the eighth-most frequently-diagnosed cancer worldwide, [2] and because of its poor prognosis, it is the sixth most-common cause of cancer-related deaths. [55] It caused about 400,000 deaths in 2012, accounting for about 5% of all cancer deaths (about 456,000 new cases were diagnosed, representing about 3% of all cancers).
Tumors occurring in subcutaneous and subfacial tissues are often 3–11 cm in size (largest diameter) [8] but in sites where the tumor can go undetected for long periods such as the buttocks, [8] mediastinum, [12] or abdominal cavity [13] have been reported to be as large as 25, 23.5, and 50 cm, respectively.
Tumor characteristics: Tumors with a high cell turnover rate, rapid growth rate, and high tumor bulk tend to be more associated with the development of tumor lysis syndrome. The most common tumors associated with this syndrome are poorly differentiated lymphomas (such as Burkitt's lymphoma ), other Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL), acute ...