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1816 is known as the Year Without a Summer because of severe climate abnormalities that caused average global temperatures to decrease by 0.4–0.7 °C (0.7–1 °F). [1] Summer temperatures in Europe were the coldest of any on record between 1766 and 2000, [ 2 ] resulting in crop failures and major food shortages across the Northern Hemisphere .
The peak after 1815 was caused by the Mount Tambora eruption. The 1808 mystery eruption is one or potentially multiple unidentified volcanic eruptions that resulted in a significant rise in stratospheric sulfur aerosols, leading to a period of global cooling analogous to the Year Without a Summer in 1816. [2] [3] [4]
Although the Mount Tambora eruption reached a violent climax on 10 April 1815, [5] increased steaming and small phreatic eruptions occurred during the next six months to three years. The ash from the eruption column dispersed around the world and lowered global temperatures in an event sometimes known as the Year Without a Summer in 1816. [6]
an estimated 10–120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, produced the "Year Without a Summer" [23] 1808 ice core event: Unknown eruption near equator, magnitude roughly half Tambora: Emission of sulfur dioxide around the amount of the 1815 Tambora eruption (ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland). [24] 1808
This was the world's greatest eruption since the end of the ice age. [19] The ash and smoke blanketed the Northern Hemisphere and caused "The year without summer" [20] Stratovolcano: Galunggung Volcano 1822 Indonesia unknown 5 The mudflows killed over 4000 people and destroyed more than 114 villages. [21] Stratovolcano: Cosigüina Volcano 1835 ...
Sam Watson leaves the Paris Games with another world record in speed sport climbing but without the Olympic gold medal. The American broke the speed world record on Thursday for the second time at ...
Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy: 20,000~ (estimated) Santorini ...
The 1908 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the IV Olympiad and also known as London 1908) were an international multi-sport event held in London, England, from 27 April to 31 October 1908. [2]