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Vitamin B complex. Vitamin B 1 (thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (niacin) Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 group: Pyridoxine; Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate; Pyridoxamine; Vitamin B 7 (biotin) Vitamin B 9 (folate) Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin) Choline; Vitamin A (e.g. retinol (see also - provitamin A carotenoids)) Vitamin C (Ascorbic ...
Usually, they are named after the substrate whose decarboxylation they catalyze, for example pyruvate decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate. Examples [ edit ]
For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The term vitamin does not include the three other groups of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [2] Major health organizations list thirteen vitamins: [3] [4] [5]
Biotin (also known as vitamin B 7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. [ 4 ]
Some "minerals" are essential for life, but most are not. [1] [2] [3] Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients; the others are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [4] The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. [2]
This modification is required for these proteins to function. Carboxylation occurs in the liver and is performed by γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX). [14] GGCX requires vitamin K as a cofactor and performs the reaction in a processive manner. [15] γ-carboxyglutamate binds calcium, which is essential for its activity. [16]
Pistachios. Protein per ounce: 5.73 grams Pull apart the shells and you’ll find little green nuts perfect for coating fish, sprinkling onto salads, or simply tossing with salt or spices.“In ...
The reaction it catalyzes is: pyruvate + HCO − 3 + ATP → oxaloacetate + ADP + P. It is an important anaplerotic reaction that creates oxaloacetate from pyruvate. PC contains a biotin prosthetic group [1] and is typically localized to the mitochondria in eukaryotes with exceptions to some fungal species such as Aspergillus nidulans which have a cytosolic PC.