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Examples of products that CDRH regulates include medical devices ranging from tongue depressors and personal protective equipment (PPE) to pacemakers and robotic surgical systems, and medical and non-medical radiation-emitting electronic products such as lasers, x-ray systems, ultrasound equipment, microwave ovens, and color televisions.
Examples are installed "area" radiation monitors, Gamma interlock monitors, personnel exit monitors, and airborne particulate monitors. The area radiation monitor will measure the ambient radiation , usually X-ray , Gamma or neutrons; these are radiations which can have significant radiation levels over a range in excess of tens of metres from ...
Radiation dosimetry in the fields of health physics and radiation protection is the measurement, calculation and assessment of the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by an object, usually the human body. This applies both internally, due to ingested or inhaled radioactive substances, or externally due to irradiation by sources of radiation.
Gamma rays were first discovered and studied in 1900 by a French chemist, Paul Villard while observing radiation from radium. [6] However, the first quantitative analysis of gamma radiation is credited to Rutherford and Andrade in 1914. This earliest technique was accomplished by diffraction spectroscopy using a rock-salt crystal. [16]
Internal dosimetry is the science and art of internal ionising radiation dose assessment due to radionuclides incorporated inside the human body. [1]Radionuclides deposited within a body will irradiate tissues and organs and give rise to committed dose until they are excreted from the body or the radionuclide is completely decayed.
The personal ionising radiation dosimeter is of fundamental importance in the disciplines of radiation dosimetry and radiation health physics and is primarily used to estimate the radiation dose deposited in an individual wearing the device. Ionising radiation damage to the human body is cumulative, and is related to the total dose received ...
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A monitor unit (MU) is a measure of machine output from a clinical accelerator for radiation therapy such as a linear accelerator or an orthovoltage unit. Monitor units are measured by monitor chambers, which are ionization chambers that measure the dose delivered by a beam and are built into the treatment head of radiotherapy linear accelerators.