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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and exam problems in science and engineering that typically require ...
A concept search decreases the risk of missing important result items because all of the items that are related to the concepts in the query will be returned whether or not they contain the same words used in the query. [15] Ranking will continue to be a part of any modern information retrieval system. However, the problems of heterogeneous ...
Validity evidence based on nomological validity is a general form of construct validity. It is the degree to which a construct behaves as it should within a system of related constructs (the nomological network). [3] Nomological networks are used in theory development and use a modernist [clarification needed] approach. [4]
This is sometimes called a reverse dictionary because it organized by concepts, phrases, or the definitions rather than headwords. This is similar to a thesaurus, where one can look up a concept by some common, general word, and then find a list of near-synonyms of that word. (For example, in a thesaurus one could look up "doctor" and be ...
A concept model (a model of a concept) is quite different because in order to be a good model it need not have this real world correspondence. [3] In artificial intelligence, conceptual models and conceptual graphs are used for building expert systems and knowledge-based systems ; here the analysts are concerned to represent expert opinion on ...
The ontology of concepts determines the answer to other questions, such as how to integrate concepts into a wider theory of the mind, what functions are allowed or disallowed by a concept's ontology, etc. There are two main views of the ontology of concepts: (1) Concepts are abstract objects, and (2) concepts are mental representations. [8]
Construct validity concerns how well a set of indicators represent or reflect a concept that is not directly measurable. [1] [2] [3] Construct validation is the accumulation of evidence to support the interpretation of what a measure reflects.
If multiple questions are being used to measure one construct, some of the questions should be worded in the opposite direction to evade response bias. [ 26 ] A respondent's answer to an open-ended question can be coded into a response scale afterwards, [ 28 ] or analysed using more qualitative methods.