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In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors.For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and (+) is the product of and (+) (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...
Mathematics: √ 2 + 1 ≈ 2.414 213 562 373 095 049, the silver ratio; the ratio of the smaller of the two quantities to the larger quantity is the same as the ratio of the larger quantity to the sum of the smaller quantity and twice the larger quantity. Mathematics: e ≈ 2.718 281 828 459 045 087, the base of the natural logarithm.
These are distinct from, and 15 times larger than, minutes and seconds of arc. 1 hour = 15° = π / 12 rad = 1 / 6 quad = 1 / 24 turn = 16 + 2 / 3 grad. (compass) point: 32: 11.25° The point or wind, used in navigation, is 1 / 32 of a turn. 1 point = 1 / 8 of a right angle = 11.25° = 12.5 grad ...
In the mid-1960s, to defeat the advantage of the recently introduced computers for the then popular rally racing in the Midwest, competition lag times in a few events were given in centids (1 ⁄ 100 day, 864 seconds, 14.4 minutes), millids (1 ⁄ 1,000 day, 86.4 seconds), and centims (1 ⁄ 100 minute, 0.6 seconds) the latter two looking and ...
These values can be calculated evaluating the quantile function (also known as "inverse CDF" or "ICDF") of the chi-squared distribution; [24] e. g., the χ 2 ICDF for p = 0.05 and df = 7 yields 2.1673 ≈ 2.17 as in the table above, noticing that 1 – p is the p-value from the table.