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Social inequality is linked to economic inequality, usually described as the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth. Although the disciplines of economics and sociology generally use different theoretical approaches to examine and explain economic inequality, both fields are actively involved in researching this inequality
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
The concept of inequality is distinct from that of poverty [5] and fairness. Income inequality metrics (or income distribution metrics) are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
As such, taking up Aristotelian theories, [a] the theologian Gilles de Rome asserted in the 13th century that economic inequalities were the natural product of the hierarchy between men, and that transforming the current social order would be an arbitrary, artificial decision, being contrary to natural peacefulness where men earn according to ...
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective) [3] is a multidisciplinary approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. [3]
International inequality refers to inequality between countries, as compared to global inequality, which is inequality between people across countries. International inequality research has primarily been concentrated on the rise of international income inequality, but other aspects include educational and health inequality , [ 1 ] as well as ...
The emphases on the interconnectivity among social relationships, and the emergence of new properties within society, is found in the social theory produced in the subfields of sociology. [3] Social complexity is a basis for the connection of the phenomena reported in microsociology and macrosociology , and thus provides an intellectual middle ...