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Dehumanization is the denial of full humanity in others along with the cruelty and suffering that accompany it. [1] [2] [3] A practical definition refers to it as the viewing and the treatment of other people as though they lack the mental capacities that are commonly attributed to humans. [4]
It is part of dehumanization, the act of disavowing the humanity of others. Sexual objectification, the act of treating a person as a mere object of sexual desire, is a subset of objectification, as is self-objectification, the objectification of one's self. In Marxism, the objectification of social relationships is discussed as "reification".
The young Karl Marx is sometimes considered a humanist, as he rejected the idea of human rights as a symptom of the very dehumanization they were intended to oppose. Given that capitalism forces individuals to behave in an egoistic manner, they are in constant conflict with one another, and are thus in need of rights to protect themselves.
The dehumanization of Jews and Israelis in Muslim and Arab discourse, and specifically in Palestinian discourse, takes place (among other ways) by portraying them as various animals (or other biological phenomena) that are considered lowly, repugnant, impure and sometimes also harmful or dangerous, such as pigs, monkeys, snakes, vampires ...
Whether a "subhuman" classification means "human but inferior" or "not human at all" may be academic, as in practice it corresponds to prejudice regardless (for example, compare the Nazi idea of the Untermensch).
The Law Is a White Dog: How Legal Rituals Make and Unmake Persons is a 2011 book by legal scholar and cultural critic Colin Dayan.The work explores the ways in which the law constructs and deconstructs identities, particularly focusing on marginalized individuals and entities such as slaves, prisoners, felons, animals, and even supernatural figures.
Pseudospeciation is a form of othering, the treatment of different human groups as if they were different biological species.It begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, etc.
Rehumanization is the process by which one reverses the damage done by dehumanization.That is, in individuals or groups, the process of rehabilitating one’s way of perceiving the other(s) in question in one’s mind and in consequent behavior.