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Genetic, ethnic affiliation, geographical ancestry. Height, body weight, skin tone, body hair, sexual organs, hair color, hair texture, eye color, eye shape (see epicanthic fold and eyelid variations), nose shape (see nasal bridge), ear shape (see earlobes), body shape; Body and skin variations such as amputations, scars, burns and wounds.
Anthropometric history – Study of the history of human height and weight; Body roundness index – Body scale based on waist circumference and height; Historical race concepts – Disused conception of a person's racial or ethnic makeup; Scientific racism – Pseudoscientific justification for racism
An epicanthic fold or epicanthus [6] is a skin fold of the upper eyelid that covers the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. [3] However, variation occurs in the nature of this feature and the possession of "partial epicanthic folds" or "slight epicanthic folds" is noted in the relevant literature.
The human eye is a sensory organ in the visual system that reacts to visible light allowing eyesight. Other functions include maintaining the circadian rhythm, and keeping balance. Arizona Eye Model. "A" is accommodation in diopters. The eye can be considered as a living optical device.
Ethnic groups vary with regard to their ideal waist-to-hip ratio for women, [255] ranging from 0.6 in China, [256] to 0.8 or 0.9 in parts of South America and Africa, [257] [258] [259] and divergent preferences based on ethnicity, rather than nationality, have also been noted.
The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. [3]: 9
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This is based upon the shared genetic features of all eyes; that is, all modern eyes, varied as they are, have their origins in a proto-eye believed to have evolved some 650-600 million years ago, [32] [33] [34] and the PAX6 gene is considered a key factor in this.