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The judicial system of Texas has a reputation as one of the most complex in the United States, [10] with many layers and many overlapping jurisdictions. [11] Texas has two courts of last resort: the Texas Supreme Court, which hears civil cases, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Except in the case of some municipal benches, partisan ...
The originating company in the originating country collects the money (except for collect calls, in which the receiver agrees to pay), keeps some for its expenses, pays some to a company which connects the two countries' networks, and pays another charge, the termination charge, to the company or government agency which connects the incoming ...
When dialing a telephone number, the area code may have to be preceded by a trunk prefix or national access code for domestic calls, and for international calls by the international access code and country code. Area codes are often quoted by including the national access code. For example, a number in London may be listed as 020 7946 0321.
In telecommunications, a long-distance call (U.S.) or trunk call (also known as a toll call in the U.K. [citation needed]) is a telephone call made to a location outside a defined local calling area. Long-distance calls are typically charged a higher billing rate than local calls.
The call is then transmitted from one end to another via telephone exchanges. The call is switched using a call set up protocol (usually ISUP) between the telephone exchanges under an overall routing strategy. The call is carried over the PSTN using a 64 kbit/s channel, originally designed by Bell Labs.
Most areas permit local calls as 1+10D except for Texas, Georgia, and some jurisdictions in Canada which require that landline callers know which numbers are local and which are toll, dialing 10D for local calls and 1+10D for all toll calls. In almost all cases, domestic operator-assisted calls are dialed 0+10D.
A form of toll-free telephone service in North America was the Zenith number, published in distant cities from where a company expected or desired frequent customer calls. Published as "Zenith" and a four- or five-digit number, these collect calls required operator assistance. The subscriber of the service was charged for the call.
The Central Government or State Government is empowered to order interception of messages per 12, section 5 of Indian Telegraph Act 1885. [15] Rule 419 and 419A sets out. Telephone tapping is permitted based on court order only and such permission is granted only if it is required to prevent a major offense involving national security or to ...