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For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
1.80 [16] 1.26: battery, Fluoride-ion [citation needed] 1.7: 2.8: battery, Hydrogen closed cycle H fuel cell [17] 1.62: Hydrazine decomposition (as monopropellant) 1.6: 1.6: Ammonium nitrate decomposition (as monopropellant) 1.4: 2.5: Thermal Energy Capacity of Molten Salt: 1 [citation needed] 98% [18] Molecular spring approximate [citation ...
The solid angle subtended at the center of a sphere of ... = 3.628 738 96 kg: crith: ≡ mass of 1 L of hydrogen gas at ... (International Table) CHU IT: ≡ 1 BTU IT ...
The unit Mbtu is used in natural gas and other industries to indicate 1,000 Btu. [12] [13] However, there is an ambiguity in that the metric system (SI) uses the prefix "M" to indicate 'Mega-', one million (1,000,000). Even so, "MMbtu" is often used to indicate one million Btu particularly in the oil and gas industry. [14]
The heat content of an ideal gas is independent of pressure (or volume), but the heat content of real gases varies with pressure, hence the need to define the state for the gas (real or ideal) and the pressure. Note that for some thermodynamic databases such as for steam, the reference temperature is 273.15 K (0 °C).
The SI unit of volumetric heat capacity is joule per kelvin per cubic meter, J⋅K −1 ⋅m −3. The volumetric heat capacity can also be expressed as the specific heat capacity (heat capacity per unit of mass, in J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1) times the density of the substance (in kg/L, or g/mL). [1] It is defined to serve as an intensive property.
The standard unit is the meter cubed per kilogram (m 3 /kg or m 3 ·kg −1). Sometimes specific volume is expressed in terms of the number of cubic centimeters occupied by one gram of a substance. In this case, the unit is the centimeter cubed per gram (cm 3 /g or cm 3 ·g −1). To convert m 3 /kg to cm 3 /g, multiply by 1000; conversely ...
The volume of natural gas with heating value of one dekatherm is about 910 to 1,026 cubic feet (25.8 to 29.1 m 3). Noncombustible carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) lowers the heating value of natural gas. Heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), and butane (C 4 H 10 ) increase its heating value.