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Euclid (/ ˈ j uː k l ɪ d /; Ancient Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. [2] Considered the "father of geometry", [3] he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.
Oliver Byrne (/ b ɜːr n /; 31 July 1810 – 9 December 1880) was a civil engineer and prolific author of works on subjects including mathematics, geometry, and engineering. He is best known for his 'coloured' book of Euclid's Elements. He was also a large contributor to Spon's Dictionary of Engineering. [1] Proof of the Pythagorean theorem.
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, Elements.Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions from these.
Euclid's Elements was the culmination of this effort and for over two thousand years, even as late as the 19th century, it remained the "standard text" on mathematics throughout the Mediterranean region (including Europe and the Middle East), and later also in North and South America after European colonization.
Albert Mullin was born on August 25, 1933, to LeRoy Mullin and Alleyne Mullin in Lynn, Massachusetts. He earned his bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University in 1955. He went on to earn a master's degree in Electrical Engineering from MIT and a master's degree in Mathematics from the University of Illinois. [3]
The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1908) [8] Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913) Euclid in Greek, Book I, With Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920) A History of Greek Mathematics, in two volumes (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921) [9]
He was the first author who translated Euclid's Elements from Greek into Arabic. His first translation was made for Yaḥyā ibn Khālid , the Vizier of Caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd . He made a second, improved, more concise translation for the Caliph al-Maʾmūn (813–833).
Efforts by the Greeks prior to Euclid were concerned primarily with the physical dimension of vision. Whereas Plato and Empedocles thought of the visual ray as "luminous and ethereal emanation", [3] Euclid’s treatment of vision in a mathematical way was part of the larger Hellenistic trend to quantify a whole range of scientific fields.