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An XOR linked list is a type of data structure used in computer programming.It takes advantage of the bitwise XOR operation to decrease storage requirements for doubly linked lists by storing the composition of both addresses in one field.
XOR is used in RAID 3–6 for creating parity information. For example, RAID can "back up" bytes 10011100 2 and 01101100 2 from two (or more) hard drives by XORing the just mentioned bytes, resulting in (11110000 2) and writing it to another drive. Under this method, if any one of the three hard drives are lost, the lost byte can be re-created ...
Early algorithms for Boolean operations on polygons were based on the use of bitmaps.Using bitmaps in modeling polygon shapes has many drawbacks. One of the drawbacks is that the memory usage can be very large, since the resolution of polygons is proportional to the number of bits used to represent polygons.
XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced as Exclusive OR) is a digital logic gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate implements an exclusive or ( ↮ {\displaystyle \nleftrightarrow } ) from mathematical logic ; that is, a true output results if one, and only one, of the inputs to the ...
XOR/table Paul Hsieh's SuperFastHash [1] 32 bits Buzhash: variable XOR/table Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function (FNV Hash) 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits xor/product or product/XOR Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash ...
However, xor is commutative and has the property that X xor X = 0 (self-inverse) so: E(A) xor E(B) = (A xor C) xor (B xor C) = A xor B xor C xor C = A xor B If one message is longer than the other, our adversary just truncates the longer message to the size of the shorter and their attack will only reveal that portion of the longer message.
Another special case is the class of problems where each clause contains XOR (i.e. exclusive or) rather than (plain) OR operators. [e] This is in P, since an XOR-SAT formula can also be viewed as a system of linear equations mod 2, and can be solved in cubic time by Gaussian elimination; [18] see the box for an example.
For example, A → A and A ↔ A are tautologies in Ł3 and also in classical logic. Not all tautologies of classical logic lift to Ł3 "as is". For example, the law of excluded middle, A ∨ ¬A, and the law of non-contradiction, ¬(A ∧ ¬A) are not tautologies in Ł3.