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2. Template:Amphetamine pharmacokinetics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Amphetamine...

   Notes and references that are transcluded with this template Notes ^ 4-Hydroxyamphetamine has been shown to be metabolized into 4-hydroxynorephedrine by dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in vitro and it is presumed to be metabolized similarly in vivo .

3. Drug metabolism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism

   Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...

4. Phases of clinical research - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research

   A Phase IV trial is also known as a postmarketing surveillance trial or drug monitoring trial to assure long-term safety and effectiveness of the drug, vaccine, device or diagnostic test. [1] Phase IV trials involve the safety surveillance (pharmacovigilance) and ongoing technical support of a drug after it receives regulatory approval to be ...

5. Pentose phosphate pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose_phosphate_pathway

   The ratio of NADPH:NADP + is the primary mode of regulation for the enzyme and is normally about 100:1 in liver cytosol [citation needed]. This makes the cytosol a highly-reducing environment. An NADPH-utilizing pathway forms NADP +, which stimulates Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce more NADPH. This step is also inhibited by acetyl CoA.

6. First pass effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_pass_effect

   First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.

7. Xenobiotic metabolism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobiotic_metabolism

   Cytochrome P450 oxidases are important enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism.. Xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons.

8. Phase II metabolism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/?title=Phase_II_metabolism&...

   Download as PDF; Printable version; ... move to sidebar hide. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page. Redirect to: Drug metabolism#Phase II – conjugation;

9. Glucuronidation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronidation

   One example is the N-glucuronidation of an aromatic amine, 4-aminobiphenyl, by UGT1A4 or UGT1A9 from human, rat, or mouse liver. [ 2 ] The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronides (or glucuronosides) and are typically much more water - soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing substances from which they were ...