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An Einstein Ring is a special case of gravitational lensing, caused by the exact alignment of the source, lens, and observer. This results in symmetry around the lens, causing a ring-like structure. [2] The geometry of a complete Einstein ring, as caused by a gravitational lens. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius.
[10] Although Einstein made unpublished calculations on the subject, [9] the first discussion of the gravitational lens in print was by Khvolson, in a short article discussing the "halo effect" of gravitation when the source, lens, and observer are in near-perfect alignment, [7] now referred to as the Einstein ring.
The main lens lies at redshift z = 0.222, with the inner ring at z = 0.609 with an Einstein radius R E = 1.43 ± 0.01" and magnitude m = 19.784 ± 0.006, the outer ring is at z ≲ 6.9 with R E = 2.07 ± 0.02" and magnitude m = 23.68 ± 0.09 [1] The lensing galaxy is also known as SDSSJ0946+1006 L1, with the nearer lensed galaxy as SDSSJ0946 ...
Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts that light will bend around objects in space, so that they focus the light like a giant lens, with this effect being bigger for massive galaxies.
A new photograph from the Hubble Space Telescope shows a stunning “Einstein Ring” billions of light-years from Earth — a phenomenon named after Albert Einstein.
The Einstein radius, also called the Einstein angle, is the angular radius of the Einstein ring in the event of perfect alignment. It depends on the lens mass M, the distance of the lens d L, and the distance of the source d S:
For a source right behind the lens, θ S = 0, the lens equation for a point mass gives a characteristic value for θ 1 that is called the Einstein angle, denoted θ E. When θ E is expressed in radians, and the lensing source is sufficiently far away, the Einstein Radius , denoted R E , is given by
In general relativity, a point mass deflects a light ray with impact parameter by an angle approximately equal to ^ = where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the deflecting object and c the speed of light.