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The Hubbard Glacier ice margin has continued to advance for about a century. In May 1986, the Hubbard Glacier surged forward, blocking the outlet of Russell Fjord and creating Russell Lake. All that summer, the new lake filled with runoff; its water level rose 25 metres (82 ft), and the decrease in salinity threatened its sea life. [2]
Several features are particularly notable. The Malaspina Glacier is the largest piedmont glacier in North America, Hubbard Glacier is at 75 miles (121 km) the longest tidewater glacier in Alaska, and the Nabesna Glacier is the world's longest valley glacier, at more than 53 miles (85 km). [52] Glaciers in Wrangell–St. Elias are mostly in retreat.
The overall retreat from 1878 to 1998 has been 2 km (1.2 mi) with a mean annual retreat rate of approximately 17 m (56 ft) per year. This long-term average was markedly surpassed in recent years with the glacier receding 30 m (98 ft) per year during the period between 1999 and 2005.
However, despite 24 hours of sunshine in the summertime, the average low temperature is barely above freezing in Utqiaġvik in July, at 36 °F (2.2 °C) and snow may fall any month of the year. [4] North Alaska is the coldest region in Alaska.
For example, its west face rises 7,500 feet (2,300 meters) above the Alverstone Glacier in less than 2 miles (3.2 kilometers), and the peak rises 11,000 feet (3,350 m) above the Hubbard Glacier to the southwest in only 7 mi (11.3 km). Mount Hubbard is just over 20 mi (32 km) from tidewater at Disenchantment Bay. However, despite its precipitous ...
But with average August temperatures a few degrees above freezing even at the 3,571 meter high Jungfraujoch station perched above the Aletsch Glacier, scientists measured record ice losses across ...
The best current example is illustrated by the United States Geological Survey study of Columbia Glacier. They noted that the average calving rate from Columbia Glacier increased from 3 km 3 ⋅a −1 in the second half of 1983 to 4 km 3 ⋅a −1 during the first nine months of 1984. This rate was four times greater than that measured at the ...
The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 28.6 °F (−1.9 °C) in January to 55.4 °F (13.0 °C) in July. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −24 °F (−31 °C) on December 30, 1964, up to 88 °F (31 °C) on August 15, 2004, though on average, there are typically 3.9 days of minima reaching to or below 1 °F (−17 °C) and only 5 ...