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Research associates are researchers (scholars and professionals) that usually have an advanced degree beyond a Bachelor's degree such as a master's degree or a PhD.. In some universities/research institutes, such as Harvard/Harvard Medical School/Harvard School of Public Health, [1] the candidate holds the degree of Ph.D. or possess training equivalent to that required for the Ph.D.
Traditionally, Assistant Professor has been the usual entry-level rank for faculty on the "tenure track", although this depends on the institution and the field.Then, promotion to the rank of Associate Professor and later Professor (informally, "Full Professor") indicates that significant work has been done in research, teaching and institutional service.
Research associate; Research assistant and teaching assistant (or tutor, instructor, demonstrator) Postgraduate or graduate; Undergraduate; Administrative ranks. Chancellor (titular, normally the Chief Executive (formerly the Governor) of Hong Kong) or president in the Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Associates Only (Assoc) only award associate degrees. Associates Dominant (Assoc-Dom) award some bachelor's degrees, but award more associates's degrees. Arts & Sciences Focus (A&S-F) award least 80 percent of undergraduate degrees in the arts and sciences.
Associate professor (university lecturers and other title holders with a titular associate professorship) Departmental lecturer (non-ladder faculty position employed or paid by the university) Academics of King's College London of University of London , ranging from professors to lecturers, in their academic regalia during a graduation ceremony.
Postdoctoral research may be required for obtaining a tenure-track faculty position, especially at research-oriented institutions. Post-doctoral appointments that were traditionally optional have become mandatory in some fields as the degree of competition for tenure-track positions in academia has significantly increased over previous decades.
CSIRO uses the same levels but different titles for other functional roles, including Research Management, Research Projects and Research Consulting. These roles are less directly analogous to academic positions, though Research Management roles at levels 7 and 8 could be equated to Associate Dean and Dean roles at universities.
In parts of the US, the term academic staff can be synonymous with just staff, which instead refers to staff that is not primarily involved with teaching or research. The higher education regulatory body of India, University Grants Commission, defines academic staff as teachers, librarians, and physical education personnel. [2] [3]