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Colchester Castle is a Norman castle in Colchester, Essex, England, dating from the second half of the eleventh century. The keep of the castle is mostly intact and is the largest example of its kind anywhere in Europe, due to its being built on the foundations of the Roman Temple of Claudius .
The Normans referred to the Temple as King Coel's Palace and to the barbican of Balkerne Gate as Colkyng's Castle, reflecting a myth that continued into the medieval period, and was recorded in the Colchester Chronicle (written in the 13th or early 14th century at St John's Abbey), that the Roman town was founded by a warlord called Coel.
The Temple of Claudius (Lat. Templum Claudii) or Temple of the Deified Claudius (Lat. Templum Divi Claudii) was a large octastyle temple built in Camulodunum, the modern Colchester in Essex. [1] [2] The main building was constructed between 49 and 60 AD, although additions were built throughout the Roman-era. [3]
In 1078 King William used Gundulf's skill in the construction of the White Tower: the keep of the Tower of London, he was described as "competent and skilled at building in stone and was the principle overseer and surveyor of the White Tower of London"; [4] also the castle at Colchester which was started around 1080.
Medieval Colchester's main landmark is Colchester Castle, which is an 11th-century Norman keep, and built on top of the vaults of the old Roman temple. There are notable medieval ruins in Colchester, including the surviving gateway of the Benedictine abbey of St John the Baptist (known locally as "St John's Abbey"), and the ruins of the ...
A "Burh" was built on the site in 914, [45] replaced by a motte and bailey, in turn replaced by a stone keep by King Henry II (1154–89). Newcastle Castle: Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England 1172 The Castle Keep, which constitutes the oldest of the surviving structures, was built between 1172 and 1177 on the site of an older wooden ...
Construction on the castle, which is the largest Norman castle ever built and the first stone Keep in England, [6] [8] was initially halted in around 1075 and hastily fortified during a rebellion in East Anglia supported by a Danish Fleet, [6] but resumed shortly afterwards to be given to Eudo in 1089. [8]
The Balkerne Gate, Colchester, with man in for scale. Balkerne Gate is a Roman gateway in Colchester (the former Camulodunum). It is the largest surviving gateway in Roman Britain [1] and was built where the Roman road from Londinium intersected the town wall of Camulodunum. [2] It is a scheduled monument [3] and a Grade I listed building. [1]