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2. Genus g surface - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus_g_surface

   The term triple torus is also occasionally used to denote a genus 3 surface. [7] [5] The Klein quartic is a compact Riemann surface of genus 3 with the highest possible order automorphism group for compact Riemann surfaces of genus 3. It has 168 orientation-preserving automorphisms, and 336 automorphisms altogether. Several genus 3 surfaces

3. Genus (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus_(mathematics)

   The genus of a 3-dimensional handlebody is an integer representing the maximum number of cuttings along embedded disks without rendering the resultant manifold disconnected. It is equal to the number of handles on it. For instance: A ball has genus 0. A solid torus D 2 × S 1 has genus 1.

4. Toroidal polyhedron - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toroidal_polyhedron

   A polyhedral torus can be constructed to approximate a torus surface, from a net of quadrilateral faces, like this 6x4 example. In geometry, a toroidal polyhedron is a polyhedron which is also a toroid (a g-holed torus), having a topological genus (g) of 1 or greater. Notable examples include the Császár and Szilassi polyhedra.

5. Torus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus

   Poloidal direction (red arrow) and toroidal direction (blue arrow) A torus of revolution in 3-space can be parametrized as: [2] (,) = (+ ⁡) ⁡ (,) = (+ ⁡) ⁡ (,) = ⁡ using angular coordinates θ, φ ∈ [0, 2π), representing rotation around the tube and rotation around the torus's axis of revolution, respectively, where the major radius R is the distance from the center of the tube to ...

6. Implicit surface - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_surface

   Implicit surface torus (R = 40, a = 15). Implicit surface of genus 2. Implicit non-algebraic surface (wineglass). In mathematics, an implicit surface is a surface in Euclidean space defined by an equation (,,) = An implicit surface is the set of zeros of a function of three variables.

7. Pair of pants (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_of_pants_(mathematics)

   Two different pants decompositions for the surface of genus 2. The importance of the pairs of pants in the study of surfaces stems from the following property: define the complexity of a connected compact surface of genus with boundary components to be () = +, and for a non-connected surface take the sum over all components.

8. Cellular homology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_homology

   Cellular homology can also be used to calculate the homology of the genus g surface. The fundamental polygon of Σ g {\displaystyle \Sigma _{g}} is a 4 n {\displaystyle 4n} -gon which gives Σ g {\displaystyle \Sigma _{g}} a CW-structure with one 2-cell, 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} 1-cells, and one 0-cell.

9. Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz's_automorphisms...

   To obtain an example of a Hurwitz group, let us start with a (2,3,7)-tiling of the hyperbolic plane. Its full symmetry group is the full (2,3,7) triangle group generated by the reflections across the sides of a single fundamental triangle with the angles π/2, π/3 and π/7. Since a reflection flips the triangle and changes the orientation, we ...