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Kongu Chera dynasty, or Cheras or Keralas [1] of Kongu or Karur, or simply as the Chera dynasty, were a medieval royal lineage in south India, initially ruling over western Tamil Nadu and central Kerala. [2] The headquarters of the Kongu Cheras was located at Karur-Vanchi , the ancient base of the early historic Cheras, in central Tamil Nadu.
The Cheras were another prominent dynasty during the Sangam Age in South India, alongside the Cholas and the Pandyas. The Chera kingdom, located in present-day Kerala and Kongu Nadu, had a significant impact on trade, economy, and cultural exchange during that time. The Cheras were known for their extensive trade networks and maritime activities.
[1] [2] The lineage, known as one of the mu-ventar (the Three Kings) of Tamilakam (the Tamil Country) alongside the Chola and Pandya, has been documented as early as c. 3rd century BCE. [3] The Chera country was geographically well placed (at the tip of the Indian peninsula) to profit from maritime trade via the extensive Indian Ocean networks.
The Chera kingdom was one of the Tamil dynasties who ruled southern India from ancient times until around the 12th century CE. The Early Cheras ruled over the Malabar Coast, Coimbatore, Erode, Namakkal, Karur and Salem Districts in South India, which now form part of the modern day Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Kopi (Chinese: 咖啡; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-pi), also known as Nanyang coffee, is a traditional coffee beverage found in several Southeast Asian nations. Often brewed to be highly caffeinated, it is commonly served with sugar and/or milk-based condiments.
Coffee production in the southern part of the country is 80,000 tons of robusta coffee. One-quarter of the robusta coffee is for domestic consumption in the form of soluble, roasted, powdered, and tinned coffee. [4] According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics for 2013, coffee production was 50,000 tons grown on 51,000 hectares.
Coffee arriving in Amsterdam sold for high prices, 1 kg (2 lb) costing nearly one per cent of the average annual income. [6] Indonesia was the first place, outside of Arabia and Ethiopia, where coffee was widely cultivated. [7] The coffee was shipped to Europe from the port of Batavia (now Jakarta).
Kopi may refer to: An alternative name for the karaka tree; Kopi, a clay mourning cap worn by some Aboriginal Australian peoples; Kopi (drink), a coffee beverage with Hainanese cultural roots popular in Maritime Southeast Asia Kopi tiam, a coffee shop or restaurant in Southeast Asia that serves kopi as a menu item; Coffee in Indonesia