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Longitudinal – spanning the length of a body. Lateral – spanning the width of a body. The distinction between width and length may be unclear out of context. Adjacent – next to; Lineal – following along a given path. The shape of the path is not necessarily straight (compare to linear).
A free body diagram is not a scaled drawing, it is a diagram. The symbols used in a free body diagram depends upon how a body is modeled. [6] Free body diagrams consist of: A simplified version of the body (often a dot or a box) Forces shown as straight arrows pointing in the direction they act on the body
In continuum mechanics, lateral strain, also known as transverse strain, is defined as the ratio of the change in diameter of a circular bar of a material to its diameter due to deformation in the longitudinal direction.
Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. The stress distribution can be obtained from known theoretical [1] or numerical (Finite element method) analysis. The researcher who builds up the force lines can choose a magnitude of the internal force and the initial border where the drawing procedure starts.
Deflection (f) in engineering. In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load.
Stress analysis is simplified when the physical dimensions and the distribution of loads allow the structure to be treated as one- or two-dimensional. In the analysis of a bridge, its three dimensional structure may be idealized as a single planar structure, if all forces are acting in the plane of the trusses of the bridge.
The compressive forces may also be applied in multiple directions; for example inwards along the edges of a plate or all over the side surface of a cylinder, so as to reduce its area (biaxial compression), or inwards over the entire surface of a body, so as to reduce its volume.
Historically a beam is a squared timber, but may also be made of metal, stone, or a combination of wood and metal [1] such as a flitch beam.Beams primarily carry vertical gravitational forces, but they are also used to carry horizontal loads such as those due to earthquake or wind, or in tension to resist rafter thrust or compression (collar beam).