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Human explorers may be potential carriers back to Earth of microorganisms acquired on Mars, if such microorganisms exist. [45] Another issue is the contamination of the water supply by Earth microorganisms shed by humans in their stools, skin and breath, which could have a direct effect on the long-term human colonization of Mars. [8]
While this does not remove the debris of the now derelict rocket stage or satellite itself, it does substantially reduce the likelihood of the spacecraft destructing and creating many smaller pieces of space debris, a phenomenon that was common in many of the early generations of US and Soviet [74] spacecraft.
The space field should be used peacefully, jointly protect the space field from harm, and maximize space utilization through environmental, economic, and security exploration of space. [16] These consensuses also clarify the relationship between space sustainability and international security, that states and individuals explore space for ...
A related subject, space weather, deals with dynamic processes in the solar-terrestrial system that can give rise to effects on spacecraft, but that can also affect the atmosphere, ionosphere and geomagnetic field, giving rise to several other kinds of effects on human technologies.
In 2022, the most comprehensive study of pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers found that it threatens "environmental and/or human health in more than a quarter of the studied locations". It investigated 1,052 sampling sites along 258 rivers in 104 countries, representing the river pollution of 470 million people.
In recent years, there has been an increase in research on the issue of how humans can survive and work in space for extended and possibly indefinite periods of time. This question requires input from the physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge (other than funding) facing human space exploration. A fundamental ...
The larger piece of space debris had carbon fiber composite and honeycomb structure, weighing nearly 100 pounds (45 kg). It was part of the Axiom 3 Dragon trunk section that reentered on 26 February over that region. [57] [58] On 21 May 2024, a fragment of reentered space debris was found in Haywood County (North Carolina, US). The charred ...
Some critics have pointed out the hazards of space debris which affect satellites, spacecraft and the surface of the Earth. For example, in March 2009 debris believed to be a 10 cm (3.9 in) piece of the Kosmos 1275 satellite nearly hit the ISS. [37] Although it is relatively rare for people on the ground to be hit by space debris, it does happen.