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Viroids are small single-stranded, circular RNAs that are infectious pathogens. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike viruses , they have no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of angiosperms (flowering plants), [ 3 ] and most cause diseases whose economic importance to humans varies widely. [ 4 ]
A prion / ˈ p r iː ɒ n / ⓘ is a misfolded protein that induces misfolding in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death.Prions are responsible for prion diseases, known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs), which are fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals.
Virusoids and viroids have been compared to circular introns due to their size similarity. It has been proposed that virusoids and viroids originated from introns. [19] [20] Comparisons have been made between the (-) strand of viroids and the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle , implicating that viroids could be escaped introns.
Prions cannot be transmitted through the air, through touching, or most other forms of casual contact. However, they may be transmitted through contact with infected tissue, body fluids, or contaminated medical instruments. Normal sterilization procedures such as boiling or irradiating materials fail to render prions non-infective. However ...
Women and children usually consumed the brain, the organ in which infectious prions were most concentrated, thus allowing for transmission of kuru. The disease was therefore more prevalent among women and children. The epidemic likely started when a villager developed sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and died. When villagers ate the brain ...
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5621 19122 Ensembl ENSG00000171867 ENSMUSG00000079037 UniProt P04156 P04925 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_183079 NM_000311 NM_001080121 NM_001080122 NM_001080123 NM_001271561 NM_001278256 NM_011170 RefSeq (protein) NP_000302 NP_001073590 NP_001073591 NP_001073592 NP_001258490 NP_898902 NP_000302.1 NP_001073590.1 NP_001073591.1 NP_001073592.1 NP_898902.1 NP_001265185 NP_035300 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 4.69 ...
[6]: 55 Viroids are important pathogens of plants. [13]: 791 They do not code for proteins but interact with the host cell and use the host machinery for their replication. [29] The hepatitis delta virus of humans has an RNA genome similar to viroids but has a protein coat derived from hepatitis B virus and cannot produce one of its own. It is ...