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  2. Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical...

    Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically. Chinese characters, Korean hangul, and Japanese kana may be oriented along either axis, as they consist mainly of disconnected logographic or syllabic units, each occupying a square block of space, thus allowing for flexibility for which direction texts can be written, be it horizontally from left-to-right, horizontally from ...

  3. Ha (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha_(kana)

    Ha (hiragana: は, katakana: ハ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represent one mora.Both represent [ha].They are also used as a grammatical particle (in such cases, they denote [wa], including in the greeting "kon'nichiwa") and serve as the topic marker of the sentence.

  4. Dakuten and handakuten - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten

    Handakuten on ka, ki, ku, ke, ko (rendered as か゚, き゚, く゚, け゚, こ゚) represent the sound of ng in singing (), which is an allophone of /ɡ/ in many dialects of Japanese. They are not used in normal Japanese writing, but may be used by linguists and in dictionaries (or to represent characters in fiction who speak that way).

  5. Ka (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_(kana)

    The phonetic value of the modified character is [ɡa] in initial positions and varying between [ŋa] and [ɣa] in the middle of words. A handakuten (゜) does not occur with ka in normal Japanese text, but it may be used by linguists to indicate a nasal pronunciation [ŋa]. か is the most commonly used interrogatory particle.

  6. Japanese writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system

    The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.

  7. Romanization of Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese

    The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography.It was developed c. 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. [2] [citation needed] Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography.

  8. He (kana) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_(kana)

    へ, in hiragana, or ヘ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, which represents one mora. The [he] sound is the only sound that is written identically in hiragana and katakana and therefore confusable according to the Unicode Standard .

  9. Kana ligature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_ligature

    View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.