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The log-distance path loss model is a radio propagation model that predicts the path loss a signal encounters inside a building or densely populated areas over long distance. While the log-distance model is suitable for longer distances, the short-distance path loss model is often used for indoor environments or very short outdoor distances.
where is the large-scale (log-normal) fading, is a reference distance at which the path loss is , is the path loss exponent; typically =. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This model is particularly well-suited for measurements, whereby P L 0 {\displaystyle PL_{0}} and ν {\displaystyle \nu } are determined experimentally; d 0 {\displaystyle d_{0}} is selected for ...
This model is the combination of empirical and deterministic models for estimating path loss in an urban area over frequency range of 800 MHz to 2000 MHz. [ 2 ] COST (COopération européenne dans le domaine de la recherche Scientifique et Technique) is a European Union Forum for cooperative scientific research which has developed this model ...
The Hata model is a radio propagation model for predicting the path loss of cellular transmissions in exterior environments, valid for microwave frequencies from 150 to 1500 MHz. It is an empirical formulation based on the data from the Okumura model , and is thus also commonly referred to as the Okumura–Hata model . [ 1 ]
L = The median path loss. Unit: decibel (dB). L 0 = The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit: decibel (dB). = The slope of the path loss curve. Unit: decibels per decade. d = The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. Unit: kilometer (km). F A = Adjustment factor
The Lee model is formally expressed as: = + where, L = The median path loss. Unit: decibel (dB) L 0 = The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit: decibel (dB) = The slope of the path loss curve. Unit: decibels per decade
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
The ITU terrain loss model is a radio propagation model that provides a method to predict the median path loss for a telecommunication link. Developed on the basis of diffraction theory, this model predicts the path loss as a function of the height of path blockage and the First Fresnel zone for the transmission link.