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In mathematics, Midy's theorem, named after French mathematician E. Midy, [1] is a statement about the decimal expansion of fractions a/p where p is a prime and a/p has a repeating decimal expansion with an even period (sequence A028416 in the OEIS). If the period of the decimal representation of a/p is 2n, so that
The value of n is then the period of the decimal expansion of 1/p. [10] At present, more than fifty decimal unique primes or probable primes are known. However, there are only twenty-three unique primes below 10 100. The decimal unique primes are 3, 11, 37, 101, 9091, 9901, 333667, 909091, ... (sequence A040017 in the OEIS).
Also the converse is true: The decimal expansion of a rational number is either finite, or endlessly repeating. Finite decimal representations can also be seen as a special case of infinite repeating decimal representations. For example, 36 ⁄ 25 = 1.44 = 1.4400000...; the endlessly repeated sequence is the one-digit sequence "0".
For example, in duodecimal, 1 / 2 = 0.6, 1 / 3 = 0.4, 1 / 4 = 0.3 and 1 / 6 = 0.2 all terminate; 1 / 5 = 0. 2497 repeats with period length 4, in contrast with the equivalent decimal expansion of 0.2; 1 / 7 = 0. 186A35 has period 6 in duodecimal, just as it does in decimal. If b is an integer base ...
), all finite decimal expansions are unique. However, even finite β-expansions are not necessarily unique, for example φ + 1 = φ 2 for β = φ, the golden ratio. A canonical choice for the β-expansion of a given real number can be determined by the following greedy algorithm, essentially due to Rényi (1957) and formulated as given here by ...
In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator. [1]
Pascal's pyramid's first five layers. Each face (orange grid) is Pascal's triangle. Arrows show derivation of two example terms. In mathematics, Pascal's pyramid is a three-dimensional arrangement of the trinomial numbers, which are the coefficients of the trinomial expansion and the trinomial distribution. [1]
For instance, Fibonacci represents the fraction 8 / 11 by splitting the numerator into a sum of two numbers, each of which divides one plus the denominator: 8 / 11 = 6 / 11 + 2 / 11 . Fibonacci applies the algebraic identity above to each these two parts, producing the expansion 8 / 11 = 1 / 2 ...