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Fused Filament Fabrication (also known as Fused Deposition Modeling - FDM) describes the process of continuously extruding a line of thermoplastic material to form a three dimensional model. [1] The FFF process supports a variety of materials reaching from bio degradable ones like PLA to PETG , ABS and engineering grade materials like PEEK .
Filament production with extruder Diagram of a direct drive extruder. Fused filament fabrication uses material extrusion to print items, where a feedstock material is pushed through an extruder. In most fused filament fabrication 3D printing machines, the feedstock material comes in the form of a filament wound onto a spool.
Fused filament fabrication (FFF), also known under the trademarked term fused deposition modeling (FDM), derives from automatic polymeric foil hot air welding system, hot-melt gluing and automatic gasket deposition. Such principle has been further developed by S. Scott Crump in the late 1980s and was commercialized in 1990 by Stratasys. [19]
A 3D printer extruder is a filament feeding mechanism used in many fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers. There are several types of 3D printer extruders. A Bowden extruder is a type of extruder that pushes filament through a long and flexible PTFE (Teflon) tube to the hot end. [1]
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital 3D model. [1] [2] [3] It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, [4] with the material being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being fused), typically layer by layer.
The OBJ file holds the geometric data and an MTL (material template library) file carries the color, material, and texture of the model. [7] The problem with these two file system is that they often get separated and break the file; repairing one of these files takes time and can be very complicated. [7]
Printing: The process begins with printing the part using a filament containing metal powder bound in plastic. This filament, similar to that used in conventional FFF printers, is infused with metal. The printer deposits the metal-infused filament layer by layer, building up the shape of the part. These printed parts are referred to as "green ...
It facilitates the conversion of a 3D object model to specific instructions for the printer. The slicer converts a model in STL (stereolithography) format into printer commands in G-code format. This is particularly usable in fused filament fabrication and other related 3D printing processes. [1] [2] [3]