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Globally, women are largely under-represented in STEM-related fields; this under-representation is especially prevalent in Africa where women represent less than 20% of the workforce in these fields. [1] African women in engineering and STEM related fields are more susceptible to discrimination and to be devalued in African countries. [2]
AAWORD/AFARD was created after discussion between women scholars who met in Lusaka in Zambia in December 1976. [3] In its early years, AAWORD was supported by the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA). [4] In 1977, 1983 and 1988 it held general assemblies in Dakar.
The history of women as designers and builders of machines and structures predates the development of engineering as a profession. Prior to the creation of the term "engineer" in the 14th century, women had contributed to the technological advancement of societies around the globe.
Margaret C. "Peg" Snyder (January 30, 1929 – January 26, 2021) was an American social scientist with a special interest in women and economic development, particularly in Africa. She was the founding director of the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), which was absorbed into UN Women in 2011. She was also a co-founder of Women ...
Particular topics covered by the journal include: women's activism, sexism in higher education, militarism and peace, and gender-related violence. [5] [6] Patricia van der Spuy and Lindsay Clowes write that the publication of the journal marked an important step in the development of South African feminism. [7]
The United Nations paper International Development Strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade, issued in 1980, recognized a number of Women in Development issues. It called for women to play an active role in all sectors and at all levels of the Program of Action adopted by the World Conference of the United Nations Decade for ...
The Women in Development approach was the first contemporary movement to specifically integrate women in the broader development agenda and acted as the precursor to later movements such as the Women and Development (WAD), and ultimately, the Gender and Development approach, departing from some of the criticized aspects imputed to the WID ...
The development of industrial technology was dominated by men, and early technical achievements, such as the invention of the steam engine, were mainly due to men. [33] Nevertheless, there are many examples of women's contributions to engineering. [34] Initially a "computer" was a person doing computations, who was often a woman. [35]