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  2. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    In genetics, it is sometimes useful to classify mutations as either harmful or beneficial (or neutral): A harmful, or deleterious, mutation decreases the fitness of the organism. Many, but not all mutations in essential genes are harmful (if a mutation does not change the amino acid sequence in an essential protein, it is harmless in most cases).

  3. Point mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation

    Point germline mutations can lead to beneficial as well as harmful traits or diseases. This leads to adaptations based on the environment where the organism lives. An advantageous mutation can create an advantage for that organism and lead to the trait's being passed down from generation to generation, improving and benefiting the entire ...

  4. Modifications (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifications_(genetics)

    There are several methods, or forms, of mutation that exist including spontaneous mutation, errors during replication and repair, as well as mutation due to environmental effects. [8] These origins of mutations can cause many different types of mutations which influence gene expression on both large and small scales.

  5. Genetic variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variation

    Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare, and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favored by natural selection. Polyploidy is an example of chromosomal mutation. Polyploidy is a condition wherein organisms have three or more sets of ...

  6. Mutagenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagenesis

    In nature, the mutations that arise may be beneficial or deleterious—this is the driving force of evolution. An organism may acquire new traits through genetic mutation, but mutation may also result in impaired function of the genes and, in severe cases, causes the death of the organism.

  7. Evolution of ageing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_ageing

    Mutations happen, and they are completely random with respect to a need in the environment and fitness. Mutations can either be beneficial in which they increase an organism's fitness, neutral in which they do not affect an organism's fitness or deleterious where they negatively affect an organism's fitness.

  8. Behavior mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_mutation

    One example of a study was found in the 'yellow' D.melanogaster, the mating of these males was only beneficial when it was dark outside, or when they were in a dark environment. The mutation is not yet known why it occurs this way, but studies have mentioned that the females of this fly species may be turned off by the certain colour of the ...

  9. Mutation rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation_rate

    The mutation rate of an organism is an evolved characteristic and is strongly influenced by the genetics of each organism, in addition to strong influence from the environment. The upper and lower limits to which mutation rates can evolve is the subject of ongoing investigation. However, the mutation rate does vary over the genome. [4]